¿Es necesarios formarse en finanzas personales ?
La educación financiera no es un tema para los “expertos” en finanzas y economía, sino por el contrario, es un tema de interés para toda la población por sus implicaciones en nuestra vida cotidiana. Conocer sobre finanzas es parte de la cultura general para obtener mejores condiciones de vida y bienestar, mediante el óptimo manejo de nuestro dinero.
El término “capacitación financiera” tiene muchos aspectos, en una nota general, esto significa ser autosuficiente con el dinero, tanto es así que no te quedas con ganas de más, mantienes tus arcas financieras llenas para cualquiera de tus necesidades, solo hay que sumergirse en ellas y obtener el dinero. Una persona capacitada financieramente es dinámica y capaz de utilizar el dinero para hacer más dinero.
Mediante la planeación financiera podremos lograr metas alcanzables en un entorno financiero, económico y social, a la vez de comprender diversas variables que afectan la toma de decisiones financieras como la inflación, los impuestos y los ciclos económicos que nos pueden afectar externamente el éxito financiero planeado, adicionalmente, nos permite visualizar y controlar el ciclo de las finanzas en nuestras vidas, experimentando que lograr el éxito financiero es el resultado de nuestras decisiones y éstas son más sólidas cuando son construidas con ayuda de la planeación financiera y todo lo que ella implica en los análisis marginales y de costo de oportunidad en las elecciones que realizamos a diario.
El objetivo principal de las finanzas personales es ayudar a las personas y familias a que tomen decisiones informadas que permitan optimizar el manejo de sus recursos. Lo anterior contempla poder alcanzar una serie de sub-objetivos entre los que se encuentran:
- Protección: contar con una protección adecuada ante riesgos o imprevistos
- Inversión: lograr acumular o conseguir suficientes recursos para poder invertir en activos que afectan positivamente la calidad de vida pero que son costos. Así por ejemplo, estudiar una carrera en la universidad, adquirir un coche o casa, iniciar un negocio propio, etc.
- Cumplimiento de impuestos: contar con los recursos para pagar a tiempo los impuestos y otros gastos exigibles por ley
- Jubilación: mantener los recursos suficientes para poder vivir bien en la etapa de vida en donde dejamos de trabajar
- Liquidez: contar con los recursos para financiar nuestras actividades cotidianas
- Traspaso: cumplir con el objetivo de dejar recursos a alguna persona u organización tras nuestra muerte
Para planificar las finanzas personales se requiere un proceso de análisis que cuenta con varias etapas, estas son:
- Evaluación: conocer la situación inicial de la persona o familia. Qué tipo de ingresos tiene, cuál es su nivel, cuáles son las expectativas de cambio futuras, etc.
- Establecer objetivos: identificar y priorizar los objetivos financieros de corto y largo plazo. Así por ejemplo: hacer la compra del mes, comprar una casa, ahorrar para la jubilación, etc.
- Planificación: definir una estrategia acerca de cómo se pueden llevar a cabo los objetivos y cuáles son los instrumentos financieros apropiados
- Ejecución: llevar a cabo el plan financiero considerando ajustes en caso de imprevistos
- Monitoreo y reevaluación: monitorear el cumplimiento del plan, verificar si existen cambios relevantes en las condiciones iniciales y evaluar si es necesario un ajuste o cambio en el plan financiero
Como conclusión, podemos decir que capacitarse en finanzas personales, es importante no solamente por el hecho de que de ello depende nuestra calidad de vida, sino también nuestra calidad emocional y, a su vez, obtendremos una manera eficiente de planificación de nuestros proyectos de vida.
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